Clostridia Spread in Livestock Animals: Situation and Initiatives

Clostridium species form a heterogeneous group of environmental bacteria; but, can also be found as pathogens in humans and animals. In this particular bacterial genus there are about 15 pathogenic species which produce the most dangerous toxins known to man. The most important pathogenic species are Clostridium tetani, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum, and Clostridium difficile. Unfortunately, in Europe, the rates of Clostridium spp. occurrence are underestimated. The latest epidemiological study has underlined the need for more research and standardization of surveillance. Most of the studies, to date, have shown an increasing prevalence of C. difficile and C. perfringens in livestock animals in Europe; but, until now, no data has been published from Romania. These studies are important because knowing the true incidence of Clostridia will allow implementation of appropriate measures for controlling this distressing and sometimes life-threatening infection in animals and humans.