P1-89 Comparative Study: Steam and Boiling Water Canners for Home Processing Low pH Foods

Monday, July 29, 2013
Exhibit Hall (Charlotte Convention Center)
Paola Flores Verdad Ixta, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
Barbara Ingham, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
Mark Etzel, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
Elizabeth Andress, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
Introduction: Home canning has gained popularity with consumers in recent years. The USDA recommends boiling water canners (BWC) for home processing of acid foods. Consumers are increasingly inquiring about the safe use of atmospheric steam canners (ASC) for home canning of acid foods due to their reported ability to save time and reduce energy costs. Thermal distribution studies were conducted to determine the heating rates in both canner types. 

Purpose: Heat distribution studies in ASC compared to BWC allow for a determination of come-up time in both canner types. Such information is critical in establishing safe-use instructions for consumers wishing to use this new type of canner. 

Methods: Recording thermocouples were inserted in three locations in the top of each canner. Tomato juice, room temperature (75°F) or preheated to 180°F, was packed into three different jar sizes: quarts (QT), pints (PT), and half-pints (HP), and the time for the heating medium to reach the processing temperature was recorded. Come-up time was the time that it took for the temperature of the heating medium (water or steam) to reach the processing temperature, 211 + 1°F or 100°C, starting with room temperature water (77 + 2°F) or pre-heated water (180°F), for atmospheric or boiling water canners, respectively. 

Results: The time for the ASC to reach the process temperature ranged from 10.3-16.2 min across jar size and juice temperature. The time for the BWC to reach the process temperature, from the preheat temperature (180°F), ranged from 4.3-21 min across jar size and juice temperature. When preheat temperature was included in come-up time, BWC processing time ranged from 23-49 min. 

Significance: Home food preservation can be an enjoyable but resource intensive process. The preheat time can be a lengthy component of a BWC process and may discourage consumers from following proper canning methods. Consumers who fail to completely follow a research-tested, up-to-date recipe put the health of their family at risk. ASC may offer a convenient method for preserving low pH foods and enables consumers to adopt appropriate food preservation practices.