Purpose: FSIS epidemiologists conducted this study to quantify and characterize foodborne illness investigations associated with uncooked meat and poultry products. The priorities were to identify risk factors, examine targets for risk communication, and explore policy options to positively impact public health.
Methods: Starting with the 2014 investigations, FSIS epidemiologists identified key words related to foodborne illness investigations involving consumption of uncooked meat and poultry products. Using these key words, the epidemiologists systematically searched FSIS investigation databases and primary investigator records. The investigations were characterized by year, pathogen, food product, reason for raw consumption, and location.
Results: Of the 19 foodborne illness investigations from 2005 through 2014 associated with consumption of raw meat or poultry products, 12 investigations were attributed to Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli, six to Salmonella, and one to Campylobacter jejuni. Sixteen investigations involved beef products, two involved poultry, and one investigation involved both beef and lamb products. Investigations were grouped into broad categories: consumers tasting raw meat and poultry mixtures, “tiger meat” or “cannibal sandwich” consumption, and other cultural practices where products are customarily consumed raw.
Significance: Epidemiological analysis identified risk factors that could be conveyed in risk communication messages utilizing social media and traditional fact sheets. With this information, it may be necessary to re-examine policy, procedures, and research to prevent infections caused by consumption of raw meat and poultry products.