P1-105 Effect of Water Activity and Temperature on Growth and Ochratoxin A Production by Aspergillus fresenii and Aspergillus sulphureus on Niger Seeds

Monday, July 10, 2017
Exhibit Hall (Tampa Convention Center)
Yung-Chen Hsu , Purdue University Northwest , Hammond , IN
Dawit Gizachew , Purdue University Northwest , Hammond , IN
W.T. Evert Ting , Purdue University Northwest , Hammond , IN
Introduction : Niger seeds are used for extracting cooking oil and used as cattle and bird feed. When stored improperly, Niger seeds support mold growth and production of mycotoxins. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a ubiquitous mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Penicilliumspecies. It has been found in a variety of food and feed worldwide.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of water activity and temperature on growth of A. fresenii and A. sulphureuson Niger seeds and resulting OTA production.

Methods : The two fungi were cultivated on Czapek Yeast Extract agar (CYA) individually at 30°C for 5 days. Sterilized ground Niger seeds (2.5g) with different water activity (aw) values (0.98, 0.94, and 0.90) were placed in separate petri plates. Each plate was spot inoculated with 10 μl spore suspension containing104-105conidia. Plates were then sealed with parafilm and incubated in a closed glass jar at 20 or 30°C for 10 days. Growth on each plate was determined by measuring the area covered by mycelium. OTA production in each inoculated plate was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay after 5 or 10 days of incubation.

Results : Niger seeds with aw from 0.90 to 0.98 supported both fungal growth and OTA production at both 20 and 30°C. Highest growth rates of the two fungi were observed on seeds with 0.94 aw and incubated at 30 °C for 10 days. It was also found that OTA formed more rapidly on seeds incubated at 30°C than at 20°C. Seeds with 0.98 and 0.94 aw yielded higher OTA concentrations than did seeds with 0.90 aw.

Significance : The data collected from this study can be used to establish storage standards of Niger seeds.