P2-108 Fate of Listeria monocytogenes in Caramel Apples Made with Potassium Sorbate-Treated Sticks

Tuesday, August 2, 2016
America's Center - St. Louis
Christina K. Carstens, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, IL
Joelle K. Salazar, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, IL
Vriddi M. Bathija, Illinois Institute of Technology, Bedford Park, IL
Sartaj S. Narula, Illinois Institute of Technology, Bedford Park, IL
Mary Lou Tortorello, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, IL
Introduction: An outbreak of listeriosis in late 2014 and early 2015 associated with caramel apples brings into question how they became a vector for Listeria monocytogenes. Caramel apples were not considered a risk due to the low pH of apples and the low water activity of caramel. Previous work, however, has determined that stem end-inoculated caramel apples with sticks provide an adequate environment for L. monocytogenes proliferation. More work is needed to understand effective controls for the pathogen in caramel apples.

Purpose: To determine if sticks pre-treated with potassium sorbate controlled the proliferation of L. monocytogenes on stem-end inoculated caramel apples during storage. 

Methods: Granny Smith apples were stem end-inoculated with 7 log CFU L. monocytogenes per apple, using a cocktail comprised of 3 strains isolated from the caramel apple outbreak, and dried for 2 h. Wood sticks were soaked in 0, 20, 30, 40, or 50% potassium sorbate overnight and dried prior to insertion into the stem end of the apples. Apples were caramel-dipped, dried and packaged into clam-shells. Caramel apples were stored at 25°C for 13 days, and at various timepoints, homogenized with BLEB. Serial dilutions were plated onto PALCAM for enumeration. 

Results: Prior to packaging, the L. monocytogenes population in caramel apples made with sticks treated with 50% potassium sorbate was significantly lower (4.33±0.91 log CFU/apple, P<0.05) than all other conditions (approximately 6 log CFU/apple). Populations were also significantly lower in caramel apples made with sticks treated with both 40 and 50% potassium sorbate after 1 and 2 days; however, populations for all treatment conditions increased to 9 log CFU/apple after 6 days. No differences were seen when comparing 0, 20, and 30% treatments at any timepoint.  

Significance: This study will help to determine possible stick pre-treatment conditions to diminish L. monocytogenes growth on caramel apples.