During this symposium, the first presenter will discuss some of the challenges, faced by the industry, with biological and chemical contamination and commonly used technologies to mitigate them. The second presenter will focus on lesser known technologies or alternative approaches using available technologies, such as dry steam, dry ice, etc., to clean and disinfection manufacturing equipment and provide examples that industry can relate to. Finally, the last presenter will focus on verification and validation of alternative technologies. And, for processor exporting to the USA, we will attempt to clarify the need to verify and/or validate cleaning and disinfection methods in the FSMA era and to reconcile what needs to be done to meet different global audit schemes. We will provide examples and solutions that will bring new ideas and generate discussions with the attendees.